In the past, farmers in tropical Asia grew traditional rice cultivars and either relied primarily on cultural, mechanical, and physical methods of pest control or practiced no pest control. Pesticide application was limited because the yield potential of traditional varieties was too low to justify additional investments. Although pests destroyed part of each crop, severe outbreaks or epidemics were rare.
The widespread introduction of high-yielding rice cultivars in Asia in the last two decades and the associated changes in production practices have improved conditions for insects, diseases, weeds, and rodents. The higher yield potential of the new rices also made increased pesticide application economically attractive to farmers.
The replacement of traditional control methods by pesticides could increase hazards to nontarget organisms, however, and lead to the development of pesticide resistance and environmental contamination. To minimize such problems, Asian farmers must again diversify their pest control practices — a strategy that scientists now term integrated pest management (IPM).
Recently, scientists working in national rice production programs and at international agricultural research centers have written extensively about IPM for tropical rice. Many of the publications are research-oriented, fragmented, and too technical for nonscientists. Furthermore, much of the highly specialized information often focuses on a single species or a small group of pests.
This publication provides practical and comprehensive information to IPM workers in rice fields throughout tropical Asia. It briefly discusses rice plant structure and growth stages and stresses their relation to pest management. There are separate sections on cultural control of rice pests, resistant rice varieties, natural enemies of rice insect pests, and pesticides. The biology and management of the major groups of rice pests — insects, diseases, weeds, and rodents — are discussed in separate sections. Finally, integrated control measures for the entire rice pest complex and the implementation of IPM strategies at the farmer level are described.
This volume represents the combined efforts of many persons. The style and first draft of the text were developed by W. H. Reissig of the New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, New York, USA, during a 1979-80 sabbatic leave at IRRI. Reissig's firsthand experience in developing IPM strategies for farmers gave him the necessary background to organize the information in a useful form. E. A. Heinrichs, IRRl entomologist, reviewed the technical material and worked with IRRl editors and artists after Reissig's departure.
J. A. Litsinger, IRRl cropping systems entomologist, provided technical information on the biology and management of many insect pests and composed the section on cultural control. K. Moody, IRRl agronomist, supplied technical information and reviewed the section on biology and control of weeds. L. A. Fiedler, a research biologist from the Denver Wildlife Research Center, stationed at the National Crop Protection Center, University of the Philippines at Los Banos, acted as technical consultant in the preparation of the section on Biology and Management of Riceland Rats in Southeast Asia. T. W. Mew, IRRI plant pathologist, provided technical information and reviewed the section on disease management. A. T. Barrion, IRRl entomology department senior research assistant, served as technical consultant and worked with artists in the preparation of the section on Natural Enemies of Rice Insect Pests.
This volume can be easily translated into the various languages of Southeast Asia and serve as a key source of information for IPM training programs. We hope that it will stimulate the implementation of IPM technology by rice farmers in tropical Asia as well as the development of similar publications for other rice-growing regions.
[EBOOK] ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO INTEGRATED PESTMANAGEMENT IN RICE IN TROPICAL ASIA, W. H. Reissig, E. A. Heinrichs, J. A. Litsinger, K. Moody, L. Fiedler, T. W. Mew, and A.T. Barrion, IRRI
Keyword: ebook, giáo trình, INTEGRATED PESTMANAGEMENT IN RICE, IPM, quản lý dịch hại tổng hợp trên lúa
