[EBOOK] BOTANY ILLUSTRATED (Introduction to Plants, Major Groups, Flowering Plant Families), by Janice Glimn-Lacy and Peter B. Kaufman, Published by Springer

This is a discovery book about plants. It is for everyone interested in plants including high school and college university students, artists and scientific illustrators, senior citizens, wildlife biologists, ecologists, professional biologists, horticulturists and landscape dcsign-ers/architects. engineers and medical practitioners, and physical therapists and their patients. Here is an opportunity to browse and choose subjects of personal Interest, to sec and learn about plants as they are described. By adding color to the drawings, plant structures become more apparent and show how they function in life. The color code clues tell how to color for definition and an Illusion of depth. For more Information, the text explains the illustrations. The size of the drawings in relation to the true size of the structures is indicated by X 1 (the same size) to X 3000 (enlargement from true size) and X n/n (reduction from true size).

The contents reflect a balanced selection of botanical subject matter with emphasis on flowering plants, the dominant plants of the earth. After a page about plant names and terms, the book is divided into three sections. The first is an introduction to plants, showing structure and function; then, major groups, providing an overview of the diverse forms; and lastly, one-seventh of the flowering plant families, with the accent on those of economic importance. The sequence in the sections is simple to complex (cell to seed), primitive to advanced (blue-greens to flowering plants), and unspecialized to specialized (magnolias to asters and water-plantains to orchids). Where appropriate, an “of interest" paragraph lists ways these genera are relevant in our lives (categories include use as food, ornamentals, lumber, medicines, herbs, dyes, fertilizers; notice of wild or poisonous; and importance in the ecosystem). "Of interest" sections in Botany Illustrated, second edition, have been expanded to include many more topics of interest.

Evolutionary relationships and the classification of plants have been undergoing many changes In the past two decades since the first edition. In this edition controversial categories have been eliminated allowing individuals to be exposed to current thinking on plant classification. Classification from this second edition may be found in the Index under‘Fungi Kingdom” and “Plant Kingdom." Pages on bacteria have been eliminated and two new pages on plant fossils, with accompanying illustrations. have been added. Every text page has undergone extensive revision.
For those interested in the methods used and the sources of plant materials in the illustrations, an explanation follows. For a developmental series of drawings, there are several methods. One is collecting several specimens at one time in different stages of development; for example, several buds and flowers of a plant (see 29) and button to mature forms of mushrooms (see 50, 51). Then, some are cut open to observe parts and decide how to present them, while others arc to use for final drawings. Another method is waiting for the plant to change, which involves "forcing" stems (see 14), germinating seeds (see 40), watching one leaf expand (see 69), and drawing a flower In one season and Its mature fruit in another (see 104, 109. 110, 111). An alternative to waiting for fruit is to use a collection of dry or frozen specimens, so that as spring flowers appear, the later maturing fruits can be seen at the same time (see 102, 105, 106).

In the first section. Introduction to plants, there are several sources for various types of drawings. Hypothetical diagrams show cells, organelles, chromosomes, the plant body indicating tissue systems and experiments with plants, and flower placentation and reproductive structures. For example, there is no average or standard-looking flower; so, to clearly show the parts of a flower (see 27). a diagram shows a stretched out and exaggerated version of a pink (Dianthus) flower (sec 87). A basswood (Tilia) flower is the basis for diagrams of flower types and ovary positions (see 28). Another source for drawings is the use of prepared microscope slides of actual plant tissues. Some are traced from microscope slide photographs such as cross-sections, vascular bundles, and transections. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs are traced for chloroplasts. amyloplasts. trichomes. internodes, and pollen grains. Preserved museum specimens provide the source for animals in the pollination scries. The remainder of the drawings are from actual plants found in nature, the grocery store, plant nurseries, farm fields, botanical gardens, florist shops, and suburban yards.

In the major groups section, three pages have hypothetical diagrams, Indicated In the captions, other microscopic forms are from observations of living material or prepared microscope slides. For plants not locally available, dry-pressed herbarium specimens are measured for drawings (Stylltes. Helmlnthostachys, Gnetum. and Ephedra) or machine-copied and traced (habit drawings of filamentous algae) or chemically revived to three dimensions (bryophytes) for drawing with the use of a dissecting microscope. Drawings are also made from liquid-preserved specimens (Tmesipteris habit. Welwitschia and Ginkgo reproductive structures). For the majority of this section’s drawings (including Wel-witschia habit), living organisms are used.
For the flowering plant families section, except for two indicated diagrams in the grass family, all the drawings are from actual plants gleaned from fields, forests, roadside ditches, bogs, neighbors' yards, botanical conservatories. florist shops, grocery stores, and our gardens. The bumblebee arrived of its own accord.

[EBOOK] BOTANY ILLUSTRATED (Introduction to Plants, Major Groups, Flowering Plant Families), by Janice Glimn-Lacy and Peter B. Kaufman, Published by Springer

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