[EBOOK] WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT FOR IRRIGATION IN THE MEKONG RIVER DELTA, VIETNAM, LE ANH TUAN ET AL., CAN THO UNIVERSITY

The Mekong River Delta (MD), the most downstream part of the Mekong river, is known as the biggest "rice bowl" of Vietnam. Currently, 2.4 million ha are used for agriculture. During the rainy season part of the Delta is flooded. Along the 600 km-coast, the sea tide strongly influences the water quality by sea water intrusion. In addition, an area of 2-million ha is covered by acid sulfate soils. Also, the MD is very densely populated with intense associated water pollution. The combination of the hydrological regime, sea, soil-type and pollution poses original water quality management problems for irrigation. Along the river and canals in the MD, the water quality parameters are generally related to the use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture, of nutrient-rich effluents from aquaculture and animal husbandry and of wastewater from industrial plants and human populations. In the dry season and early rainy period, the polluted water seriously impacts the agricultural cultivation and domestic water supply.
 

Presently water-abstractions from the Mekong river are mainly used to irrigate the rice and upland crops, curb salinity intrusion and leave acid sulfate soil layers with sufficient wetness. These objectives are mainly agricultural. Current irrigation calendars, soil maps and fluctuation of water quality parameters are discussed in this paper. The need for a better water quality management and monitoring network in the river system are presented. Not only irrigation control but also for industrial and population use is considered. The existing discharge and water level recording stations should be the preferred locations for water quality sampling. The classical parameters like pH, salinity, total suspended solid (TSS), total Fe, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO42-, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Allumium (NH4+), Nitrate (NO3-), Phosphorous (PO43-), heavy metal, coliform have to be supplemented with bio-indicators like zooplankton and phytoplankton. Initial results show that bio-indicators in the MD give a good indication of water quality.

[EBOOK] WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT FOR IRRIGATION IN THE MEKONG RIVER DELTA, VIETNAM, LE ANH TUAN ET AL., CAN THO UNIVERSITY

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Keywords: ebook, giáo trình, irrigation, saline intrusion, acid sulfate soil, water quality management, WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT FOR IRRIGATION IN THE MEKONG RIVER DELTA VIETNAM, QUẢN LÝ CHẤT LƯỢNG NƯỚC ĐỂ XỬ LÝ Ở CÁC SÔNG ĐỒNG BẰNG SÔNG CỬU LONG VIỆT NAM, tài nguyên nước, tài nguyên môi trường, thuỷ nông