[EBOOK] Mushrooms traded as food (Nordic questionnaire, including guidance list on edible mushrooms suitable and not suitable for marketing. For industry, trade and food inspection)

Mushrooms are traditionally used as foodstuffs, both commercially and privately. Some edible mushrooms are cultivated like Oyster Mushroom and Button Mushroom, while others like Chanterelle and Cep are growing wild and collected in the nature. Both the cultivated and the wild mushrooms are commercially available.

Mushrooms are sold fresh or as products like dried, edible fungi (Including freeze-dried fungi, fungus grits, fungus powder), pickled fungi, salted fungi, fermented fungi, fungi in vegetable oils, quick frozen fungi, sterilized fungi, fungus extract, fungus concentrate and dried fungus concentrate or as Ingredients of foods ready-to-eat.

This project is focusing on mushrooms sold commercially as food. It is the aim to give guidance on edible mushrooms to Industry and trade and to the public food Inspection.1

The guiding tools arc a questionnaire and as support, guidance lists on mushrooms, based on risk assessments of published scientific research (Volume I).

More background Information IS available in the background report: Volume II, section 1 and 2.

Volume II, section 1 has also more details on mushrooms, contaminants, intoxications and legislation-

volume II, section 2 covers the risk assessments on more than 100 Individual species in the four lists with scientific references on which the assessments are based- Pictures of the mushrooms in lists are also Included.

The goal for the publication is to improve the in-house control and thereby the safety of traded mushrooms as food.

Edible mushrooms
 

Edible mushrooms mean fruit bodies of fungi, a group of organisms different from plants and animals.

In general, mushrooms sold as edible should not harm the consumer, neither Immediately nor with short-term or long-term adverse effects. This is the common ground in the EU legislation on food.

The European Food Law, Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 defines "food" (or "foodstuff”) as "any substance or product, whether processed, partially processed or unprocessed. Intended to be, or reasonably expected to be ingested by humans." Many mushroom species are only suitable for use as food after processing.

Knowledge of "what is edible" is essential and so is correct identification of mushrooms traded as food. Knowledge has to be updated as the available information of adverse effects after ingestion of some mushroom species IS developing. Furthermore, The number of species sold as edible mushrooms seems to in-crease.
Advice on safe use of mushrooms
•    Kill only mushrooms which you are 100% sure that you can recognize

•    Eat only mushrooms, which are generally recognized as edible

•    Do not Call mushrooms raw. as many mushrixims may cause discomfort, c.g, stomach pain if eaten raw

•    Do not cat spoiled mushrooms

•    When eating a new species of a mushroom for the first Ume. always stait up with a small portion in order to minimize the possible risk for allergy or other hypersensitivity reactions
Poisonous mushrooms

Mushrooms cover both edible species, like Boletus species (e.g. Cep), and acutely or even deadly poisonous species like Deathcap [Amanita /)/ỉứ/-loides). Other species of mushrooms contain compounds, which may have long-term effects (e.g. induce tumours), or toxins that cause intoxications of less serious outcome. More common effects arc nausea, stomach pain, and hypersensitivity reactions to mention a few effects.

Thus, it is Important to have a good overview of the local mushroom market. As the global interchange of foods is increasing, new mushroom species might appear on the Nordic market All these Issues require guidance for responsible in-house control in trade and industry as well as In the public food inspection in order to ensure food safety.

Whether food items are safe to eat or not is to large extent based on knowledge gathered during centuries. However, the assessment of food safety should be based on a modern approach to risk assessment based on data available In the scientific literature.

In Europe, foods that are new on the European market are covered by the Novel Food regulation. A short overview of relevant legislation is in Annex I.

[EBOOK] Mushrooms traded as food (Nordic questionnaire, including guidance list on edible mushrooms suitable and not suitable for marketing. For industry, trade and food inspection)

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THIS EBOOK

Keyword: ebook, giáo trình, Mushrooms traded as food, nấm ăn, nấm ăn thương phẩm, thương mại nấm ăn, nấm ăn công nghiệp, nấm ăn thực phẩm, tiếp thị nấm ăn